are pepperball guns legal in north carolina are pepperball guns legal in north carolina

14415.10(2a) who provides to the law enforcement officer proof of deployment as required under G.S. So it is illegal to bring a pocket knife to school in North Carolina. The Byrna SD is powered by compressed CO 2 cartridges, just like a paintball or airsoft gun. Virginia is a permissive open carry state, and you do not need any license to open carry. by Dean Wallace Leave a comment on Byrna Gun Legal In Nc. Be sure to call your local law enforcement to verify. Mobile : New, more portable and compact version of the LifeLite @ $199.99 (save 10% discount with discount code RVLV) Compact: Small size . It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Kentucky. but when you look at this, and just from my perspective (former Marine, Vietnam Vet, and retired law enforcement - 26 years), it is not geared for . Guns would not be allowed on school property during school hours. Stun guns illegal are currently illegal to own or posses in Hawaii, Rhode Island, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. (a1)It shall be unlawful for any person willfully and intentionally to carry concealed about his person any pistol or gun except in the following circumstances: (1)The person is on the persons own premises. 84.01 DISCHARGE OF FIREARMS. House Bill 101, titled The Firearms Liberty Act, was filed just days before the Senate passed its bill and is very similar. If you are over the age of 18 and have not been convicted of a felony or an assault- we guarantee* any pepper spray, self defense, or security product that adheres to the guidelines below is legal to ship/use/carry in your state at the time of purchase. state law allows people to buy a gun. State law prohibits carrying pepper spray in a school without permission from school authorities. We can ship MAX or PEPPER projectiles and PEPPER KITS to California if you complete the CA Chemical Certification course found here: https://byrna.com/products/byrna-ca-course-security-guard-and-chemical-agent-certification. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We do our best to maintain this list, but cannot guarantee its accuracy. Byrna HD is a legal high that is currently available in North Carolina. Deaths and injuries due to gun violence cost North Carolina an estimated $19.5 billion annually. In general, any weapon that is not specifically prohibited by law is allowed for self-defense. Open carry appears to be OK. 14-401.6. I thought there were no restrictions on pepper spray ownership in TX, but after stumbling across the penal code, I think I may be in violation. However, it is the sole responsibility of the individual owning the stun gun to know its legalities. The Byrna is also legal in all states, making it a convenient choice for smokers looking to switch to a cannabis-based product. In addition, you must also receive approval from the sheriff in the county in which you live. . You cannot carry containers of pepper spray that are larger than 5 ounces. A firearms identification card is required for purchasers 15 to 18 years old. The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly. No Pepper ball guns are illegal in state of North Carolina. Typical muzzle velocities are below 500 feet per second. Louisiana has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Repeal of North Carolina's "permit-to-purchase" law has been a top priority for Second Amendment advocates in the state for . Only 2 left in stock - order soon. I'm passionate about helping people achieve their dreams, and I believe that education is the key to unlocking everyone's potential. Online sales prohibited. But the Pepper balls are illegal in state As an enhancement to public safety, it will mean that background checks for handgun purchases from dealers will be done at the time and point of sale rather than up to five years earlier as they are now, Grass Roots North Carolina, a pro-gun organization, said in a statement. are pepperball guns legal in north carolinahouse of jacob religion. It is legal to buy, use, possess, and ship pepper spray to Minnesota. While we commonly use this for writing, a tactical pen can also be used as a defense weapon. In some states, paintball guns have been classified as a "weapon." Laws regulating the sale, use or transportation of weapons can and do apply to paintball guns in New York and New Jersey. Legal with restrictions. It can also help to identify potential risk factors for violence and take action to address them before an incident occurs. Under North Carolina law, one of the only non-lethal weapons you may possess and legally conceal is pepper spray. . Pepper spray containers must be less than 2 ounces. Terms, conditions, and restrictions apply. If youre a member, please call our non-emergency line at 877-448-6839 to ask an independent program attorney this question. Workplace violence can be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, frustration, and anger. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Texas. (c)(1) A person may not wear or carry a dangerous weapon of any kind concealed on or about the person. As soon as people hold and shoot the Byrna HD personal security device, they want to sign up as a reseller.. But the Pepper balls are illegal in state of North Carolina so no there is no point in buying a pepper ball gun with out pepper balls. North Carolina law currently says anyone who wants to buy a pistol from a licensed dealer or a private sale has to get a permit from the sheriffs office in their county. Are Pepperball guns legal to own in North Carolina? North Carolina laws state that it is legal to carry pepper spray and stun guns for the purposes of self defense. It adds a provision to give people more time to renew a concealed carry permit if it expires. [1] [2] North Carolina is a permissive state for firearms ownership. However, firearms are also more dangerous and can be more difficult to use than other self-defense weapons. Repeal of Jim Crow-era gun law could come down to single lawmaker. Cannot be carried on school grounds without permission from school authorities (students over 21 years of age may carry pepper spray without authority permission). North Carolina law only allows sworn law enforcement to carry guns in a correctional facility, police department or sheriffs office. Legal with restrictions. Utah has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Collapsable batons are legal to carry in NC as long as you don't conceal them. Stun guns are legal to own in the other 48 states and Puerto Rico with certain restrictions such as licenses in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wiconsin. Requiring no federal permits or federal license to purchase or carry, there are no waiting periods or background checks required to purchase and own the Byrna HD. We do not offer legal advice. The active ingredient in our product is PAVA, a substance similar to oleoresin capsicum (OC) which is legal in all 50 states with certain restrictions. Preventing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Comprehensive Guide, Communication Strategies for Healthcare Workers: Preventing Violence in the Workplace, Staying Safe: Tips from a Woman Who Fought off an Attacker at Her Gym, The Psychology of Workplace Violence: Understanding the Triggers and Warning Signs, Risk or Reward: The Importance of Business Risk Consulting for a Secure Future, Prevent Workplace Violence: Empower Your Employees, The Importance of Self-Care for First Responders. The proposal would allow the head of a law enforcement organization to give permission to employees who are not officers to carry a gun in the building. Pepper spray cannot be carried on a commercial airline or in certain secured areas such as federal or state buildings. PepperBall is trusted by civilians and law enforcement to deliver a powerful, non-lethal tool for self-defense. TCP Launcher : Used by law enforcement, this is a great option for those who prefer the pistol form factor @ $399.99 (save 10% with coupon code RVLV). Having a tactical pen in North Carolina is legal. I would like to know if I can carry and conceal a byrna sd. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Louisiana. Roy Cooper vetoed a similar bill last year that would have done away with the pistol permit system. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Pepper Ball Guns. Kansas has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Anyone ages 15 to 17 still needs an FID to purchase self-defense sprays. It is important to check the laws in your state to make sure that carrying a Byrna is legal, and to understand the consequences of using it in a crime. Suppressors are legal in North Carolina, but there is a process to legally purchase one. Can carry starting at age 15 with guardian permission and Firearms ID card. Pepper spray is considered a dangerous weapon in Maryland, but individuals have the right to use it in self-defense. Effective communication is essential in preventing violent incidents in healthcare for several reasons. 14415.11(a). Hi there! Featured. Which self defense tool is best to have with me. Read our latest blog now. It is legal to buy, use, possess, and ship pepper spray to Maine; however, the criminal use of pepper spray and other disabling chemicals is illegal. However, some law enforcement agencies and private security firms may classify pepper ball guns as firearms, depending on their specific use and purpose. Wyoming has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Is it legal to have a pen in North Carolina? Answer (1 of 5): Similar to firearms laws, chemical irritants, the amount contained in the device, and delivery vehicle are regulated at the state level and sometimes at a municipal level. ckr13 wrote: I recently bought the JPX4 LE. Byrna is a small, concealable firearm that is designed to be carried on a person. I travel across many states in a RV. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Georgia. We ship to California the TCR-Tactical Compact Rifle, Mission 4 rifle, and Byrna KINETIC launchers and kits. (B) Any person who knowingly and willfully permit his . Generally, a BB gun is an air-powered gun designed to shoot round, metal .177 caliber projectiles. A pistol or a shotgun loaded with non lethal shells. Mississippi has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Must be less than 35g, and less than 18% OC. It is legal to buy, use, possess, and ship pepper spray to Massachusetts. Sexual harassment in the workplace is a serious issue that can have devastating physical, emotional, and financial consequences for victims and their employers. Mar 2, 2023 . Firearms are the most common self-defense weapon, and they offer a number of advantages over other weapons. Self-defense weapons in North Carolina are generally limited to firearms and other weapons that are not specifically prohibited by law. HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) The state has purchased at least 35 fewer lethal weapons and eight pepperball guns in the past two years. According to the ATF, 7,500 ghost guns were picked up from crime scenes in 2019 nationally. Unlike some jurisdictions, such as the United States, and portrayals in the popular media, Canadian citizens are generally prohibited from carrying mace, pepper spray, handguns and most other weapons .any weapons declared by Order in Council to be a prohibited weapon. Let's say, for instance, you're leaving the store when someone approaches you and tries to take your money. 2) has my name on it: 2) identifies the HPD Validation Code (aka background check done with HPD Code) 3) shows that an "informational Briefing" was held. Hi my name is***** would like to know if I can carry and conceal a byrna sd in the state of alaska I am a felon with a class b felony I have been off read more. A bill to end North Carolinas pistol purchase permit system passed the state Senate and is now in the hands of the House. Pepper ball guns are not designed to shoot projectiles using an explosive. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Vermont. These weapons include Bowie knives, dirks, daggers, sling shots, loaded canes, metallic knuckles, razors, Shurikens or what are called throwing stars, stun guns, and any other deadly weapon of like-kind. In this comprehensive guide, we'll provide you with an overview of sexual harassment, its different forms, its impact, and the steps you can take to prevent and respond to it. When it comes to regulation of guns and ammunition, North Carolina has minimal law prohibiting these. There are some minor restrictions, however, with regard to the size of the pepper spray container. Things like pepper spray and tasers can be very effective at stopping an attacker, but they can also cause serious injury. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? If word got back to the New York DA assigned to the case against you, you could be charged with contempt of the order. In general, any weapon that is not specifically prohibited is allowed, but it is always important to check with local authorities to ensure that you are aware of any restrictions or prohibitions that may apply in your area. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, it is always important to check with local law enforcement to ensure that you are aware of any restrictions or prohibitions that may apply in your area. Get the best experience and stay connected to your community with our Spectrum News app. Thats why a good self-defense tool can give you the peace of mind that you deserve. Failure to adhere to this law will result in a misdemeanor and up to one year of imprisonment. The shipping restrictions set forth below apply only to direct to consumer e-commerce . I've worked with students of all ages and backgrounds, and I love helping them unlock their full potential. The sprays can only be sold by licensed firearms or ammunition dealers and cannot be mailed to individuals, all peppersprays must be bought through a licensed dealer. Iowa has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Pepper ball gun is Ok. Individuals must be at least 16 years old to possess pepper spray. This includes both metal and plastic knuckles. Our Spectrum News app is the most convenient way to get the stories that matter to you. First Strike FSC Compact Paintball Pistol Silver Black. Under current law, otherwise lawful concealed carry becomes a Class I felony if the church sponsors a school, Grass Roots N.C. said in a statement. If you are unsure of the laws in your area, please seek legal counsel. (no concealed carry outside of own premises). $109.95. Study now. Please visit our official partner in Hawaii - Live Safe Hawaii - for a list of their retail locations and online store. Through them the Byrna HD will be available shortly in Texas, Oklahoma, North Carolina, Wyoming, Kentucky, Alabama and Arizona. Individuals must be at least 18 years old to buy or possess pepper spray; however, those who are at least 14 can purchase or possess with parental permission. New Hampshire has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. The delivery method of pepper spray, some know as mace, has come a long way, and with the violence finding its way across the country, theres been no better time than now to be prepared. Remember to trust your instincts, be aware of your surroundings, stay prepared, and use the buddy system. Learn More. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Minors are prohibited from using pepper spray between one hour before sunset and one hour before sunrise. Individuals must be at least 18 to purchase or register pepper spray, but anyone 14 or older may do so as long as they have permission from a parent or legal guardian. While concealed carry is legal, a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) is required for residents and non-residents . The term small has not been defined by statutory or case law, though the Court of Appeals held in 1989 that a knife that was four and a half inches long when folded was an ordinary pocket knife. West Virginia has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Montana has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. The EPA requires bear spray labels to clearly state it is for deterring or repelling bears or for use on attacking bears. Must be less than 2oz. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Illinois. Is PepperBall gun legal in NC? 7 Is it illegal to bring a pocket knife to school in NC? In North Carolina, it is legal to own a Byrna gun. (A) It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any rifle, gun, pistol, pellet gun, air. Democrats proposed several amendments to the bill before it passed, including universal background checks for gun sales. The last thing you want to do is continuously worry about your safety. They do not contain the chemical rounds. One must know that carrying this is legal and ideal as a simple device yet it can be a protective gadget for self-defense when the needs arise. Legal with restrictions. Current law does not allow guns on school grounds, including private and religious schools. You should choose a firearm or keep a gun on your premises for protection which is legal. Can you shoot a trespasser in North Carolina? The sale, possession, and use of stun guns for self-defense are legal without major limitations. View on Amazon. In general, yes, pepperball guns are legal in North Carolina. It is illegal to use an air gun to shoot a person, and it is illegal to carry an air gun in a public place without a permit. CA, GA, MA, MI, MN, NC, NJ, NY, TX, WI. At this time, we do not ship any Byrna Pepper Projectiles to *California or New York. There has been a lot of legal proceedings recently about firearms and the Second Amendment. Individuals convicted of a felony or assault cannot possess pepper spray. What Is The Average Family Income In Kansas. The paper spray container must be pocket-sized. What Guns are Legal in NC? Pepper spray cannot be disguised or camouflaged. Click for more information, including affiliated entities and license information. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? BB guns may be powered by an air cartridge or by air that is compressed by pump or lever action. Requires license. At this time we are unable to ship The Byrna Ballistipac IIIA, Byrna Ballistipac III+ and Byrna Shield Armor Plates to Connecticut or New York State. We are unable to ship active ingredient products to: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York, Puerto Rico, and Washington D.C. HERO is a Registered Mark of HERO Defense Systems LLC, Shipping & Returns | Terms | Privacy Policy, Legal with restrictions. In the United States there are currently no federal laws that regulate airgun, BB guns or pellet guns. 6 Is it legal to carry pepper spray in North Carolina? Fact: No, pepper spray is NOT bear spray. We do not currently ship ANY products to New York City (5-Boroughs and Yonkers.) We do not offer legal advice. The proposal would allow the head of a law enforcement organization to give permission to employees who are not officers to carry a gun in the building. It is important to be familiar with how to use a firearm safely and effectively before using one for self-defense. What self defense weapons are legal in NC? It is legal to buy, use, possess, and ship pepper spray to Michigan. are pepperball guns legal in north carolina. Pennsylvania has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Touring the world with friends one mile and pub at a time; is heavenly gondola open today. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Oregon. Colorado has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. With these tips, you can stay safe and protect yourself in any situation. Our guarantee applies to legality at the state level. They are easy to use and can be very effective at stopping an attacker. Michigan. 7.0. December 13, 2021 Antoinette Salazar Canada. The maximum size of a container that can be mailed is .5 ounces. The state maintains concealed carry reciprocity with any other state so long as the permit is valid. Can carry starting at age 14 with guardian permission. Legal Definition Of Notwithstanding Clause. California- It is legal to sell, purchase, and legally use tear gas or pepper spray containing up to 2.5 oz of product. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Commonly yo. Jun We CAN NOT ship the MAX or PEPPER projectiles or PEPPER KITS to NY State. Legal with restrictions. To dig a little deeper, NYSRPA v. Bruen was about the legality of New York's "may issue" process for issuing handgun permits, which required applicants to show some special need for self-defense, above and beyond the safety concerns that everyone has. For decades, the Pistol Purchase Permitting system - run by our sheriffs - has been part of the backbone of public safety in the state. They can also cause eye injuries, as the previous study showed. In an average year in North Carolina, 1,470 people die and 3,530 are wounded by guns. It could pose a significant risk if it ends up accidentally getting sprayed. ATFs Rule: Pistol Stabilizing Braces | Gun Laws Update, School Security: Realistic School Safety and Security Needs, Can You Carry a Gun Across State Lines? It is unlawful for any person, firm, corporation or association to possess, use, store, sell, or transport within the State of North Carolina, any form of that type of gas generally known as tear gas, or any container or device for holding or releasing that gas; except this section does not apply to the possession, use, storage, sale or transportation of that gas or any container or device for holding or releasing that gas.. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Oklahoma. AI Score is a ranking system developed by our team of experts. Gov. COVID-19 . General Statute 14-269 (a) lists a number of items that are considered lethal weapons that may not be concealed off ones property. The Byrna is made with all-natural ingredients and contains no nicotine, making it a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes. North Carolina: 4.99 ounces. My name is Cameron Williams and I research laws as a hobby. Must be less than 5oz. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Nebraska. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Arizona. The following information refers to the legality of pepper spray in specific states. Posted on September 5, 2022 How To. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Ohio. Reading Time: 5 minutes In North Carolina, it is legal to own a Byrna gun. 14415.24. The Byrna is a relatively new weapon, and there is some debate about whether it is legal to carry concealed. are pepperball guns legal in north carolina. PepperBall can be shot at a person from 60 feet away and launched into an area from 150 feet away. Add to Wish List. This action became illegal after the events . We're told the gun is . This brand offers superior quality and is modeled to look and feel similar to a 9mm handgun, allowing for . It is also important to practice safe handling and storage practices to prevent accidents. If it had said that you could not use a firearm, then a pepper ball CO2 defense gun would be okay for you to carry It's legal enough for you to carry it North Carolina. A 2013 North Carolina law prohibits law enforcement agencies from destroying firearms taken from criminals or recovered at crime scenes. Each customer is responsible for checking the law in his or her own state and municipality. News . Pepper spray is legal to carry and use for self-defense in Texas. Senate Bill 41, titled Guarantee 2nd Amend Freedom and Protections, passed the Senate Feb. 16 on a party-line vote. Armory offers Byrna HD launchers and projectiles. Pepperball guns are considered firearms under North Carolina law. Must be less than 35g, and less than 18% OC. In 2004 the NC Legislature banned all gun ownership by convicted felons. rochester police news; digitalocean load balancer health check kubernetes; 12. They can help you keep yourself and your family safe in the case of an intruder or attack. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Idaho. Must be less than .5oz and less than 10% OC. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Its surprising that stun guns are included in that list. For any questions regarding non-lethal weapons in North Carolina, call U.S. LawShield and ask to speak with your Independent Program Attorney. If you are unsure of the laws in your area, please seek legal counsel. Check Out Our Suggestions To Stuff Your Gun Range Kit. Overall, it seems that Byrna guns can cause serious injuries if used incorrectly. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Are pepperball guns legal for civilians? Therefore, it is legal to carry a Byrna HD and Kinetic Projectiles in the State of California. Pepper spray may not be used against verbal provocation alone or to resist arrest. Legal with restrictions. MISSION PEPPERBALL. However, the Byrna HD is not a firearm, and is more akin to a BB, airsoft, or paintball gun, albeit more powerful. Jun 12, 2022 . Georgia has no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Some individuals may be predisposed to violence due to underlying mental health conditions or personal factors, such as financial stress or relationship issues. North Carolina permits open carry of firearms without a permit for residents that are 18 years old and above. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Other research suggests that Byrna guns can cause bruising, welts, and even broken bones. So, if you are pepperballing in your backyard, make sure your neighbors house is more than 500 feet away. this is the ideal short range solution for law enforcement and corrections . It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Arkansas, but the container cannot exceed 150 cubic centimeters. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to New York. They are often used for target shooting and hunting small game. Cannot be shipped to New York, Alaska, Hawaii, Wisconsin, Washington DC and Michigan. But guns arent the only arms sometimes carried for self-defense, and there have been several recent cases about the status of knives under the federal Constitution and state constitutions. But no background check is required for a private sale when one person sells a gun to another. are pepperball guns legal in north carolina turner's downtown market weekly ad . are pepperball guns legal in north carolina. This includes gun parts and silencers, but it does not extend to antique firearms which are any firearm created before 1898. Important things to remember about having stun guns in North Carolina: Kindly refer to 14269. Carrying concealed weapons. The employee would have to have a concealed carry permit. Convicted felons cannot possess pepper spray. I'm 18 or older and agree to the Terms and Conditions. What weapons are illegal in North Carolina? A New York Supreme Court judge ruled that a gun using carbon dioxide was an "air-gun" and was governed by the state's criminal laws. zatarain's chicken fry mix ingredients New Lab; We are really excited to represent Byrna, says Don Maschmedt, CEO. Institutions could still ban guns by posting signs forbidding weapons on the property. Individuals can purchase a maximum of 2 pepper sprays in a single transaction. I've since worked with schools and districts all over the country, helping them improve their curriculums and instruction methods. . https://www.pepper-spray-store.com/collections/south-carolina-lawsPepper spray is legal in all 50 U.S. states. Legal with restrictions. Are Pepperball guns legal to own in North Carolina. Byrna guns are firearms that shoot a stream of BBs or pellets. of solution. Legal with restrictions. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to South Carolina. The Byrna does not rely on combustion, but rather compressed gas (CO2), for firing its chemically enhanced protective rounds. Real Estate Software Dubai > blog > are pepperball guns legal in north carolina. We cant ship ANY products to San Francisco. North Carolina law does not regulate the purchase of stun guns. See answer (1) Copy. you buy pepper ball gun you can not buy Pepper balls it illegal in Are pepperball guns legal in Canada? I will be 60 this year and own my own business havent been in any trouble for 15 years. In 2022, that number jumped to 20,000. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Utah. Having an Active Self Protection Plan and doing your homework, inspecting and researching all forms of self-defense and all options of less-lethal weapons is key as we move through the 21st century. Please refer to our article of 10 best self-defense weapons to have. If you are unsure of the laws in your area, please seek legal . However, it is a weapon, even if intended for self-defense. A pepper ball gun is very easy to use and is great for your daughter or wife, or even the elderly. The sale, possession, and use of stun guns for self-defense are legal without major limitations. The product is sold in North Carolina and is not approved by the FDA. North Carolina General Statute 14-269.2 sets out the specific weapons that are prohibited, which include silencers, armor-piercing ammunition, and explosives. It also includes a section launching a new state campaign on safe gun storage and distributing free gun locks. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. It is legal to buy, carry, use, and ship pepper spray to Rhode Island; however, individuals must be at least 18 years old to possess pepper spray. The volunteer suffered extensive damage to the cornea and required surgery.