The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. How did the Spanish exploration impact natives? - Sage-Advices Treaty of Tordesillas | Overview & Significance | Study.com One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . The Portuguese took the lead. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. 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Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. Tools Used By Spanish Ships In The 15th Century | ipl.org Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Want to create or adapt books like this? The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. Assessing the Success of Portuguese and Spanish Exploration and This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. They also found a sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. Hispaniola is a marvel. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Spain. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Spanish were also the first in the New World. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. Early European Maritime Expeditions | The Geography of Transport Systems The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. YouTube Videos for Young Children: An Exploratory Study Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. 1015 Words. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History All rights reserved. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). I feel like its a lifeline. Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? 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The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? As early as 1341, Portuguese sailors had made. John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Q. What Were the Lasting Effects of Spanish Conquest in Latin - Reference Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest | US History I (OS Collection) Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Portugal & the Age of Exploration - World History Encyclopedia NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Flashcards | Quizlet 101 Independence Ave. Map showing the routes to the Far East. As they died, new workers were needed. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. Age of Exploration Jeopardy Template Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. 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The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers.