British Convict Transportation Register 1787 . Despite these hardships, many people chose this as a way to immigrate to America. The proportion of the second large emigration from the Scots Highlands can only be approximated. The goal of this project is to eventually include records for over 100,000 people who immigrated to America as indentured servants. Only the most difficult convicts were sent to the Tasman Peninsula prison known as Port Arthur. Although materials for studying individual female convicts are meager at best, a variety of questions can be answered by . The state's Department of Public Safety had unknowingly sent an estimated 3,000 driver's licenses to an organized crime group that targeted Asians in the state, DPS director Steve McCraw told a . When they reached their destination, they happened upon a field of cabbage.They ate all of it, which of course made them even sicker than they already were. In 1681 a surprise attact by Indians distroyed most of the dwellings.in the area. Sarah was an impostor and a fraudster. In 1686 Brown and Orr brought suit against John Bray for carrying away their grass at Brave Boat Harbor. Most of the Scots stayed at The Scot Boardman's house in what is now the Oaklandvale area of Saugus. Most of the Scots were hired out to other employers and went to colliers. Appendix V: Specimen Landing Certificate for Felons 1719. Indentured servants were people who came to America under a work contract, called an indenture. 19 Crimes takes its name from the list of crimes for which people could be sentenced to . 603 convicts carried the name John Smith. He then moved to York, Maine, to an area where other Scots had settled. Transportation to New South Wales was the solution. He willed all his land and marshes to be used as the site for Scotish Church. This memoir is featured at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond . People who paid to transport others were required to report those transported, so the people transported are listed next to the persons name in the database. Traded females usually worked in the homes of tobacco plantation masters, Railton says. You can search for over 123 000 of the estimated 160 000 convicts transported to Australia in the 18th and 19th centuries - names, term of years . The English Courts between them may safely be reckoned as having been responsible from 1615 to 1775 for the provision of some 50,000 plantation servants who thus formed by far the largest identifiable class of colonial settlers throughout the period of British rule in the Americas. Between 1615-1699, the English courts sent about 2,300 convicts to Virginia and Maryland, and 52,000 more prior to 1776. Australia's "First Fleet" was a group of 11 ships and about 1,400 people who established the first European settlements in Botany Bay and Sydney. Britain Sent Thousands of Its Convicts to America, Not Just Australia British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies [James Butler Davis . To access the database, go to Virtual Jamestown and search for indentured servants. Convict censuses, musters, pardons and tickets of leave, including series HO 10, HO 11 and CO 209/7, can be searched at ancestry.com.au (). Convict Runaways in Maryland, 1745-1775 - Volume 23 Issue 2. There was Anthony Carnes, convicted of stealing goods valued at forty shillings; Timothy Featherstonehaugh Scutt, convicted of taking two letters from the post office; Henry Porte, imprisoned for taking ten pence worth of goods; and Edward Coleman, who had ripped a lead pipe from a house belonging to the East India Company, William Gritton sent Harsh as it was for them, the alternative was worse!, Between 50,000 and 120,000 British convicts were transported to America, a fact that makes many Americans incredulous, says Railton. This free, searchable database was compiled from two texts, Early Settlers of Maryland by Gust Skordas and others (1968) and Supplement to the Early Settlers of Maryland by Carson Gibb and Gust Skordas (1997). by Kenneth Scott (1982) is still protected by copyright, but the index can be searched by typing in a surname. Transport Ships to the American Colonies 1716-1775, Do not sell or share my personal information. It also outlines which details can be useful when starting your research, and contains background information on the history of criminal transportation. Their male counterparts mainlyworked onthe plantations or did other manual labor. Note: Some of the Scotmans were at Block Island after being freeded. Pointers to a person being a convict may include: the words 'with the permission of the Governor' on a marriage certificate the name of your ancestor in a convict muster the name of a ship and year after the person's name, in a document noted as a convict in a census or other official document, such as Colonial Secretary's Correspondence. In total, some 75,000 convicts were transported to Van Diemen's Land, or about 40 percent of all convicts sent to Australia. A court case heard in the Salem Quarterly Court on 25 June 1661 documents an instance of people who were kidnapped and sold into indentured service. John Becx and Joshua Foote conferred with their partners, the Undertakers of the Iron Works. Get two full weeks of free access to more than 18 billion genealogy records right now. or result in whipping. Go to. A court case heard in the Salem Quarterly Court on 25 June 1661 documents an instance of people who were kidnapped and sold into indentured service. Library has vols. Be aware that a small number of convicts were also transported to . Robert Barber, son of John Barber sr. born Ansbury 1- March-1669/1670. The information relating to these famous Queenslanders' convictions comes, in part, from the British convict transportation registers 1787-1879. Mack Farson Rob't ( Mc Fearson , Mc Phearson), Mac Forsen John ( Mc Forsen, Mc Phearson), Mackhane Rob't ( McHaine,Ma hane, Mc Hane), Mack Hatherne patricke ( Mc Catherty, Mc Catherine), Mack Hele Alester ( Mc Kaeil, Mc Kail, Mc Hael, Mic Hael), Mackhell James ( Mc Heil, McKail, McHael , MicHael), Machellin Dan ( Mc kellen, Mac kellen ), Mac Kannell Wm ( Mac Connell, Mc connell), Mackhene Alester ( Mc Kenny, Mac Kenney), Mackholme John ( Mcholm, Macholm. Because the jails were not intended for long-term incarceration, there was nothing in between. 1615. Defoe compared the destructiveness of imprisonment with what he saw as the benefits of transportation. 1-2. There were 4000 dead, 10,000 captured, and 4000 more escaped. The Scots of Hammersmith. research. The usual period of transportation was 14 years for convicts receiving conditional pardons from death sentences or seven years for lesser offences. Since you are here, we would like to share our vision for the future of travel - and the direction Culture Trip is moving in. I like reading these articles and I find most of them to be helpful, but, . They were given very little to eat. What will you discover about your familys past? James mackall, John Mackshane, and Thomas Tower became forge hands under John Vinton, John Turner jr, , Henry Leonard and Quenten Prey. One way many people solved this problem was through indentured service. John Clark was taught the trade of blacksmith by Samuel Hart. Chapter V: The 'Seven Year Passengers' Cross the Alantic. The surviving Scots presented the English with a problem. Information is included in the "Convict Indents (Ship and Arrival Registers) 1788-1868" on 87,307 convicts transported from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland or a British territory, to one of the Australian colonies. These can be useful in researching transported convicts. The convicts' sentences varied from seven or 14 years to life in prison. Servants could be physically punished, could not marry without permission from their masters, and did not have rights in court. More than likely, many ended up deaf or at least hard of hearing because of the constant hammering . The convicts sent to New South Wales also incurred considerable state expense compared to those sent to America. When William Wilberforce and the reformers go to work to bring to notice the atrocities of the traffic in black slaves, the almost equally appalling activiites of the white slave traders were fading from memory - and the more closely regulated transportation schemes to Australia had yet to begin. Between the march and lack of food, many died along the way. William Furbush and Daniel Fergison bought land together in what is now Elliot, Maine. The human cargo trade made fortunes for those involved on both sides of the Atlantic. Daniel Salmon employed some of the Scots on his company farm., where they kept the community cattle. One way many people solved this problem was through indentured service. of York. The myth of highwayman Dick Turpin outlives the facts. This guide will help you find records of people sentenced to transportation. It is estimated that as many as two-thirds of the people who came to the colonies between the 1630s and the American Revolution did so in this manner whether voluntarily or involuntarily. People who were transported are labeled as Transported in the database, meaning that they would have had to work off an indenture. Amateur genealogist Carol Carman is a descendant of one convict servant who worked in Annapolis and stayed in Maryland. JAMES TAYLOR/TAILOR, was born in Scotland, possibly about 163 Scottish Prisoners of War Society Puritan minister John Cotton wrote in his letter to Oliver Cromwell, "The Scots, whom God delivered into your hands at Dunbarre, and whereof sundry were sent hither, we have been desirous (as we could) John Paul (abt. Akamatsu, Rhetta Best Price: $11.77 Buy New $11.83 (as of 04:41 UTC - Details) These indentured servants represented the next wave of laborers. Contains names of English convicts transported from England to the Americas between 1617-1775. Finding out more about a person transported to North America or the West Indies is likely to be difficult, though legal records can be useful. You can find the entire family history of Duncan Stewart in Sprague Journal Maine History. Mortality rates were high. William Field (1774-1837), English businessman, transported to New for receiving stolen goods. The Convict's Memoir. Here is a sample of a search from this text, using the surname Spencer. In 1768 Sarah was sentenced to be transported. More than 160,000 convicts ultimately ended up in Australia as a result of penal transportation. An incomplete list of Scots who were sent to New England in 1650 appeared in the Iron Works papers in 1653. One of the collections that they offer free of charge is the Immigrant Servants Database. He had no children. Then they were advertised in newspapers and sold, with men priced at up to 20 British pounds and women up to 9 pounds. Grey paid his wife's fine " for breach of sabbath and for stricking of Patience Everinton". Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. To search this database for indentured servants,you need to know that Maryland was settled primarily due to a process of headrights in which a person was granted 50 acres of land for every additional person that he transported to Maryland. Note: Duncan Stewart was born in the highlands of Scotland about 1623. His widow Dorothy then married another Scotsman, Micuim Macintire, who bought land from Maxwell. In 1681, he received 20 lashes on his bare skin, by the court, for calling court officials "Divills and hell Hounds". Before the Transportation Act of 1718, criminals either escaped with just a whipping or a branding. Disease was rampant. With that authority Hasslrigge sent forty men to work as indentures servants at the salt works at Shields. The term of service for all of them was seven years. According to the vicar of Wendover, transportation served the purpose of draining the Nation of its offensive Rubbish. Steve Carlson article on The Saugus iron Works. In 1667 a seat was assigned for him at the Amsbury Church. Passengers For New England, pg 407 First Settlers of New Hampshire. She and her husband Tim have three adult children and live in Wisconsin. The men worked long hours, 12-hour shifts. Gen. Soc of Boston. America refused to accept any more convicts so England had to find somewhere else to send their prisoners. The American Revolution of 1776 meant that transportation to North America was no longer possible. These men were captured at the battle of Worcester. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence . The majority of the Jamestown settlers were indentured servants and did all the grunt work for the settlement, the rich adventurers not knowing or caring to lift a finger to do manual labor. Learning. In America she escaped from her master and began a new set of adventures. Historians estimate that roughly a third to three-fifths of the male convict population came under the category of 'other larcenies'. He had at least 2 sons, John and Robert. This example includes the different types of entries from this database. A child, whose parents died en route , regardless of age, would serve until he turned 21, which was the case of a 4 year-old boy. Payment for medical care and medicine as well as food was needed. ( Mac Connell, Mc Connell), Mackdo(n)ell Sander Mac Donnell, Mac Donnell), MackDonnell John ( Mc Donnell, Mac Donell), MackCunnell Sander ( Mc Connell Mac Connell), MackCunnell Cana ( Mc Coornell, Mac Cornell), Macendocke Daniell Mcendocke, Mc Kendock ), Mackey Huge ( mackie, Mc Kay, Mc key, Maki ), Macky John ( Makie, maki. Maxwell's Garrison survived. John Barber Jr, son of above John Barber, married Ann Smart, daughter of Robert Smart, in 1696 They lived at Hilton's MIlls Grant In 1725 he had a land grant of 69 acres. Here is the record of the indenture of Henry Mayer to Abraham Hestant of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on 29 September 1738 fromWikimedia Commons. Could your ancestors have been some of the many sent from Britain as convicts to start anew on the shores of the Atlantic? Most male convicts were sold for between 10 and 14, while most women went for between 5 and 9. For some male convicts, their destination was Bermuda, 3,000 miles from home. Patrick Donahue was a Fenian, fought in the American Civil War as a low-level member of the Army of the Potomac, took part in the invasion of Canada by the Fenians but never held the rank of. The term of an indenture was typically 4 to 7 years, after which time the servant was given the freedom to manage his or her own affairs.Some were even granted land and money. Here is an example of a search result, obtained by typing in the surname Dally. Husband of Lydia (Jenkins) Paul m https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Worcester#/media/File:Battle_of_Worcester.jpg. Many references to this form of servitude can be found in the state, county, or local court and contract records. Transportation to Australia began in 1787, 17 years after Captain Cook's discovery of Australia. They were as follows: The following settled in what is now Berwick, Maine: There is also an extensive list of Scot prisoners on the John and Sara which sailed from London 1651. Mac Tentha ), MackTomas Glester ( Mac Thomas , Mac Thomas ), Mack Williams Gellust ( Mc Williams , Williams ), Monrow Hugh ( 'Monroe, Munroe, Munrow}, Monrow John ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ), ' Monrow Robe't ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ). Note: Alexander Gorthing was purchased by Samuel Stratton of Waterown. . and click on the category Servitude: Indentures, Serfs, Apprentices, Etc., and then on Indentured Servants. 1671 he had a grant of upland, at York Bridge. Many of these handmade expressions of love and friendship are on display in the National Museum's Australian Journeys . Now a museum, the house is the last visible structure of London Town, an 18th century tobacco port and one of the Atlantic trading sites where thousands of convicts from England entered the colonies to begin their indentured servitude. details of the over 60,000+ convicts sent to Tasmania (formerly known as Van Diemen's Land) between 1803 and 1853. Dec, 26,1660 , he bought land from John Pearce of Yorke. Of these, about 7,000 arrived in 1833 alone. Most of the 50,000 convicts that Britain sent to America wound up in Maryland and Virginia, where they were auctioned off like cattle to plantation owners who were desperate for cheap labor, until the American Revolution put a stop to the practice. After another indian attack in 1711 he sold the Garrison to the Macintire Family. The project pulls from numerous resources to provide a comprehensive record of many of those who came here by way of servitude, making this database a very valuable resource for genealogists. The Iron Works at that time covered over 600 acres, from what is now Saugus Center to Walnut street up towards what is now North Saugus, almost out to where Route one is now and over as far as Lynn Commons. In contrast, 19 men and 11 women were in their nineties. Born about 1635 in Braintree, Norfolk, Massachusetts 1817-1829 : Indexes of Tasmanian Convicts (Tasmania GenWeb) - inculdes several passenger lists 1817-1829. Lookups of specific research books to find their offline locations can be found via. penal colony, distant or overseas settlement established for punishing criminals by forced labour and isolation from society. Arrested in London, England, for stealing a silk handkerchief worth two shillings, Carman's ancestor was transported to the colonies and sentenced to servitude. The search results will give you references to that surname by page number but will not show you the actual page. Charles Bateson, The Convict Ships 1787-1868 (1983), Alan Brooke, and David Brandon, Bound for Botany Bay: British convict voyages to Australia (2005), P G Fidlon and R J Ryan (eds), The first fleeters: a comprehensive listing of convicts, marines, seamen, officers, wives, children and ships (1981), Michael Flynn, The second fleet: Britains grim convict armada of 1790 (2001), Mollie Gillen, The founders of Australia: a biographical dictionary of the first fleet (1989), David T Hawkings, Bound for Australia (2012), David T Hawkings, Criminal ancestors: a guide to historical criminal records in England and Wales (2009), Robert Hughes, The fatal shore: a history of transportation of convicts to Australia, 1787-1868 (1987), L L Robson, The convict settlers of Australia (1981), R J Ryan (ed), The second fleet convicts: a comprehensive listing of convicts who sailed in HMS Guardian, Lady Juliana, Neptune, Scarborough and Surprise (1982), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday The number of extant records is formidable. The project pulls from numerous resources to provide a comprehensive record of many of those who came here by way of servitude, making this database a very valuable resource for genealogists. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) transportation was put on hold. Daniel was born in 1630 in Scotland, place and parents unknown. I want to read the articles on Family History Daily! Few records of these individuals survive, though legal records from this period may contain useful information. 1657 he was taxed at Oyster River. Only a limited amount of information is shown here, but the results go on to cite the court case. In The History of Durham, N.H. several mini profiles of several of the Scot Prisoners have been recorded. While this was going on, the Council had received several petitions from persons, who wished to transport the Scots overseas. Records of trials held at quarter sessions are held by local archives. The two young men claimed that they had been forcibly sold into service by George Dill, a ships captain who traded in indentured servants and slaves. By October 23rd, the council was ordered to stop the project until is was confirmed that the Scots were not being sent anywhere where they could be dangerous. Convicts were often bought by poorer planters who could not afford to buy slaves. Today is nowhere as near as large and a Historical Site. Lissen then welcomed two other Scots into the family. On May 13, 1787, a group of over 1,400 people in 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. were the Grant brothers, Peter and James. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for From 1788-89, the new colony accumulated expenses of over 250,000 pounds,. Once there, you can search for your ancestor by entering as much information as you know. Search above While indentures were contracts between two people, an employer could sell an indenture to a third party so, often, servants were bought and sold just like property. Later they lived in Rowley. Alternatively, search our library catalogue to see which are available to consult in the reading rooms. Your chances of success will be much better if you begin with some information about the person youre looking for. Moll Flanders, published in 1722, was a piece of propaganda supporting transportations supposed redemptive powers. The site is not limited to records about Jamestown, however, it includes a lot of information about Virginia and its neighboring states as well. While parallels do exist, indentured servants were not slaves and their plight cannot be compared to that of African slaves in the United States. For each of the 7,000 individuals listed, you may be able to learn the following information: name, date of birth or baptism, place of birth, occupation, place of education, cause of banishment (where applicable), residence, parents' names, emigration date and whether voluntarily or involuntarily transported, port of embarkation, destination, Mc Kay, Mc Key ), Macky Sander ( makie, Mackie, Maki, Mc kay, Mc Key ), Mack Farson Origlais ( Mc Farson, Mc Phearson ). Chapter I: The Convicts and Their Background. From the early 1600s until 1776, most transported convicts were sent to British colonies in North America. Sometimes converted from slave-trading ships, the 100-plus transport vessels carried up to 300 convicts, in appalling conditions. Appendix IV: Transportation Clause from Pardon of 1655. Benjamin Franklin suggested that America should export rattlesnakes in return for the convicts. John Paul Biography 1635) The mayors of London and Liverpool regularly gathered up urchins from the streets of their cities to be sent to America and sold into indentured servitude. Search criminal registers for England and Wales (HO 26 and HO 27), 1791 to 1892, on Ancestry.co.uk (). Lookups of specific research books to find their offline locations can be found via ArchiveGrid/WorldCat. Cyndis List does index some of these for specific localities. 3 went to the company 's local commissioner,17 were sent back to Boston to work for William Awbrey, the company factor and the warehouse he ran there and 2 to 7 men ended up being sold to colonist. This example shows search results for Philip Welch, one of the young men mentioned in the court case above. If the aforementioned online resources have not revealed your indentured servant ancestor, there are other places you can look. Often, within the space of their own lifetime, they achieved freedom and respectability, though many remained tied to a form of serfdom which made them little different from bonded slaves. Their son George jr. was capturd by Indians and carried off to Canada. Their destination was a vaguely described bay in the continent of Australia, newly discovered to Europeans. Search the index to Tasmanian convicts (archives council of Tasmania) by name to see some digitised records, including conduct records, indents and descriptions. In about 1676 he administered the estate of John Barry and he lived on that same land in Kittery. Apendix II: List of Ships Carrying London, Middlesex and Home Countries Convicts to America 1716-1775. Most of these convicts landed and were settled along the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers. When convicts were sent to America, it was usually because they were given the option of either going to jail in Britain, or working off their sentence as an indentured servant in America. transported to America between 1718 and 1775, the records for such convicts are sadly largely no longer extant). The prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to be provided in derelict ships (or hulks) moored in coastal waters. Many know that Australia was once a colony of convicts hailing from Britain. Here are 10 common crimes that entailed the sentence of transportation. We use cookies to bring you the best experience, record visits, serve ads, provide signup forms and deliver other essential functions. Cyndis List does index some of these for specific localities. You can access these records free of charge through Google Books. over the space of 150 years, Middlesex provided some 15,000 labourers for the American colonies by "due process of law" in the shape of convicted felons who were bonded by the Courts as plantation servants for periods ranging from seven years to life. Basically used for hard, manual labor, they worked from dusk to dawn, then forced to work in the corn sheds until midnight. Machum), Mackie Hill ( Mac Kay, Mv Key, Maki ), MackNeile Dan ( Mc Neile, Mc Neale, Mac Neale ), Mack Neile Patricke ( Mc Neale, Mc Neil, Mac Neal), Mack Nell Daniell ( Mc kell, Mac Kell ), Mack Nester Allester ( Mc Nester, Mac Nester ), Mack Neth Semell ( Mc Nith , Mc Kenneth ), Mack Nith Daniell ( Mc Nith, Mc Kenneth), Mack Nith Daniell ( Mc Knith , Mc Kenneth ), MackKnith Patricke ( Mc Knith, Mc Kenneth ), MackTentha Cana ( Mc Tentha. Although some returned to England once their servitude was over, many remained and began their new lives in the colonies. 61 of the men did make it to the iron Works. This searchable database contains records of about 15,000 indentured servants who traveled from Bristol, Middlesex, and London, England to the mid-Atlantic colonies and the West Indies. This ongoing project includes records from over 20,000 indentured servants who immigrated to America between 1607 and 1820. The French also sent convicts to help colonize their New World in the . It records the names and aliases of the convicts who arrived in New South Wales and Van Diemens Land between 1788 and 1842 and also contains an index of ships. In many cases convicts appealed to be pardoned or to have their sentences reduced, while transportation itself was often used as a reduced sentence for a convict who might otherwise have been executed. How do I get rid of the documents/etc that are superimposed over the text? The names of Stewards and Servants sent b y John Mason, Esq., into this province of New Hampshire. Slaves commanded a much higher price. They sold to James Smith of Oyster River, a tailor, land granted to them at Dover. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. Many of those looking for cheap labor became more likely to purchase slaves. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. Archives, Open Government Licence In 1662, Brown and Orr of Sacco Falls belonging to Winter Harbor, for himself and Henry Brown. Petty theft By far the most common crime that led to transportation was petty theft or larceny. It was the Adventurers who ate well and the rest nearly starved, resulting in many running away to the Indians. The Untold Lives of British Convicts Sold to America, The world's largest online family history resource - Start now, U. S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index,1500s-1900s, All, Gloucestershire, England, Prison Records,1728-1914, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Runaway Servants, Convicts, and Apprentices, 1728-1796, 6 Unusual Last Names You Wont Believe Exist, The Experience of an Ancestral Home Visit, Discovering African American Heroes in My Family Tree. The use of indentured servants was the most common in the Middle Atlantic colonies, ranging from New Jersey down to Virginia. Appendix VI: Specimen Eithteenth Century Transportation Bond.